{"id":12177,"date":"2022-03-14T10:35:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T10:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/?page_id=12177"},"modified":"2022-04-13T01:28:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T00:28:45","slug":"health-and-medicine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/health-and-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"Health and Medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_custom color_primary with_shape\"><div class=\"l-section-shape type_triangle-2 pos_bottom\" style=\"height:6vh;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 64 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\">\r\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M64 8 L0 8 L0 0 L48 7.9 L64 0 Z\"\/>\r\n<\/svg><\/div><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_flex valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><h1 class=\"w-post-elm post_title entry-title color_link_inherit\">Health and Medicine<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_916d5e53 height_custom\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_flex valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"w-grid type_grid layout_12109 cols_3 pagination_ajax overflow_hidden\" id=\"us_grid_1\" style=\"--gap:15px;\" data-filterable=\"true\"><style>@media (max-width:1024px){#us_grid_1 .w-grid-item{width:50%}}@media (max-width:600px){#us_grid_1 .w-grid-list{margin:0}#us_grid_1 .w-grid-item{width:100%;padding:0;margin-bottom:var(--gap,0px)}}.layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h{background:var(--color-footer-bg);border-radius:1.25rem;box-shadow:0 0.04rem 0.08rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1),0 0.13rem 0.4rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1);transition-duration:0.3s}.no-touch .layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h:hover{box-shadow:0 0.16rem 0.32rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1),0 0.53rem 1.6rem rgba(0,0,0,0.15);z-index:4}.layout_12109 .usg_vwrapper_1{transition-duration:0.3s;transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(1) translate(0%,0%)}.layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h:hover .usg_vwrapper_1{transform:scale(1) translate(0%,0%);opacity:1;background:var(--color-content-primary)!important;color:#ffffff!important}.layout_12109 .usg_post_title_1{color:#f5f5f5!important;font-size:1.8rem!important;margin-bottom:5%!important}.layout_12109 .usg_vwrapper_1{border-radius:20px!important;background:var(--color-footer-bg)!important;padding:1rem 1.5rem 1rem 1.5rem!important;box-shadow:0 10px 30px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12)!important}.layout_12109 .usg_post_content_1{color:#f5f5f5!important}<\/style><div class=\"w-grid-list\">\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14258 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14258\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/africanus-horton\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Africanus Horton\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/africanus-horton\/\">Africanus Horton<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">He established theories that linked human health to topography during this time and his theories earned him a prestigious reputation in the medical community.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14219 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14219\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/alexa-canady\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Alexa Canady\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/alexa-canady\/\">Alexa Canady<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">First female African American neurosurgeon in the United States<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14181 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14181\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/alice-augusta-ball\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Alice Augusta Ball\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/alice-augusta-ball\/\">Alice Augusta Ball<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Alice is known for her \u2018Ball Method\u2019, which was the most effective method against leprosy in the 20th century.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14209 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14209\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/annie-brewster\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Annie Brewster\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/annie-brewster\/\">Annie Brewster<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">First AfroCaribbean nurse known to be working in the UK in late 19th century<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14233 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14233\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/austin-maurice-curtis-sr\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Austin Maurice Curtis SR\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/austin-maurice-curtis-sr\/\">Austin Maurice Curtis SR<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Curtis established a private surgical practice. He became a highly respected surgeon and was eventually appointed the Surgeon in Chief at Freedman\u2019s Hospital in Washington&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14301 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14301\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-daniel-hale-williams\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Daniel Hale Williams (Dr)\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-daniel-hale-williams\/\">Daniel Hale Williams (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Dr Daniel Hale Williams opened the first interracial hospital in 1891 in Chicago\u2019s South Side and taught anatomy at his old university<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13976 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"13976\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/daphne-steele\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Daphne Steele\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/daphne-steele\/\">Daphne Steele<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Daphne Steele made headlines around the world when she became the UK\u2019s first Black hospital matron in 1964 at St. Winifred\u2019s Hospital in Ilkley, West&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13312 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"13312\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dame-elizabeth-anionwu-dbe-frcn\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Elizabeth Anionwu DBE FRCN (Dame)\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dame-elizabeth-anionwu-dbe-frcn\/\">Elizabeth Anionwu DBE FRCN (Dame)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Anionwu began her nursing career inspired by a nun who cared for her eczema. At the age of 16, she left school with seven O-&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14263 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14263\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/franklyn-jacobs-dr\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Franklyn Jacobs (Dr)\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/franklyn-jacobs-dr\/\">Franklyn Jacobs (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Franklyn Jacobs is one of the founders of the African Caribbean Medical Society which helps raises awareness and campaigns for greater understanding of health issues&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-14244 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"14244\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/george-cleveland-hall\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"George Cleveland Hall\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/george-cleveland-hall\/\">George Cleveland Hall<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">In 1915 he was one out of the people who created the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, also known as ASNLH.&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13304 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"13304\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-jacqueline-dunkley-bent-obe\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"Jacqueline Dunkley-Bent OBE (Dr)\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-jacqueline-dunkley-bent-obe\/\">Jacqueline Dunkley-Bent OBE (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Jacqueline is England&#8217;s first Chief Midwifery Officer and Professor of Midwifery at King&#8217;s College London and London South Bank University.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13982 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-health-and-medicine\" data-id=\"13982\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/james-mccune-smith-dr\/\" class=\"w-grid-item-anchor\" aria-label=\"James  McCune Smith (Dr)\"><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/james-mccune-smith-dr\/\">James  McCune Smith (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Smith had a keen interest in languages. mastering Latin, Greek, and French and he also developed a working knowledge of Hebrew, Italian, Spanish and German.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"w-grid-preloader\">\t<div class=\"g-preloader type_1\">\r\n\t\t<div><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"g-loadmore \">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"g-preloader type_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"w-btn us-btn-style_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"w-btn-label\">Load More<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-json hidden\" onclick='return {&quot;action&quot;:&quot;us_ajax_grid&quot;,&quot;infinite_scroll&quot;:0,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:3,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;ajax&quot;,&quot;template_vars&quot;:{&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;exclude_items&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;img_size&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;ignore_items_size&quot;:0,&quot;items_layout&quot;:&quot;12109&quot;,&quot;items_offset&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;load_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;overriding_link&quot;:&quot;%7B%22type%22%3A%22post%22%7D&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:0,&quot;query_args&quot;:{&quot;post_type&quot;:[&quot;us_portfolio&quot;],&quot;tax_query&quot;:[{&quot;taxonomy&quot;:&quot;us_portfolio_category&quot;,&quot;field&quot;:&quot;slug&quot;,&quot;terms&quot;:[&quot;health-and-medicine&quot;]}],&quot;post_status&quot;:[&quot;publish&quot;,&quot;acf-disabled&quot;],&quot;posts_per_page&quot;:&quot;12&quot;},&quot;orderby_query_args&quot;:{&quot;orderby&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;ASC&quot;},&quot;order&quot;:&quot;ASC&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;us_grid_post_type&quot;:&quot;us_portfolio&quot;,&quot;us_grid_ajax_index&quot;:1,&quot;us_grid_filter_query_string&quot;:null,&quot;us_grid_index&quot;:1,&quot;page_args&quot;:[]}}'><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Birth NameJames Smith Summary of their achievements:Born into slavery in New York in 1813, the young James McCune Smith set his sight on becoming a doctor. He was denied admission to American colleges because he was Black. He was able to attend the University of Glasgow in Scotland, where he earned his Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s and...","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12177","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12177\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}