{"id":44,"date":"2021-12-29T10:20:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T10:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/impreza33.us-themes.com\/?page_id=44"},"modified":"2022-08-05T15:50:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-05T14:50:57","slug":"science-and-technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/science-and-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Science and Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_custom color_primary with_shape\"><div class=\"l-section-shape type_triangle-2 pos_bottom\" style=\"height:6vh;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 64 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\">\r\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M64 8 L0 8 L0 0 L48 7.9 L64 0 Z\"\/>\r\n<\/svg><\/div><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_flex valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><h1 class=\"w-post-elm post_title entry-title color_link_inherit\">Science and Technology<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_916d5e53 height_custom\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_flex valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"w-grid type_grid layout_12109 cols_3 overflow_hidden\" id=\"us_grid_1\" style=\"--gap:15px;\" data-filterable=\"true\"><style>@media (max-width:1024px){#us_grid_1 .w-grid-item{width:50%}}@media (max-width:600px){#us_grid_1 .w-grid-list{margin:0}#us_grid_1 .w-grid-item{width:100%;padding:0;margin-bottom:var(--gap,0px)}}.layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h{background:var(--color-footer-bg);border-radius:1.25rem;box-shadow:0 0.04rem 0.08rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1),0 0.13rem 0.4rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1);transition-duration:0.3s}.no-touch .layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h:hover{box-shadow:0 0.16rem 0.32rem rgba(0,0,0,0.1),0 0.53rem 1.6rem rgba(0,0,0,0.15);z-index:4}.layout_12109 .usg_vwrapper_1{transition-duration:0.3s;transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(1) translate(0%,0%)}.layout_12109 .w-grid-item-h:hover .usg_vwrapper_1{transform:scale(1) translate(0%,0%);opacity:1;background:var(--color-content-primary)!important;color:#ffffff!important}.layout_12109 .usg_post_title_1{color:#f5f5f5!important;font-size:1.8rem!important;margin-bottom:5%!important}.layout_12109 .usg_vwrapper_1{border-radius:20px!important;background:var(--color-footer-bg)!important;padding:1rem 1.5rem 1rem 1.5rem!important;box-shadow:0 10px 30px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12)!important}.layout_12109 .usg_post_content_1{color:#f5f5f5!important}<\/style><div class=\"w-grid-list\">\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13892 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13892\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/benjamin-banneker\/\">Benjamin Banneker<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Banneker was called upon to assist in the surveying of territory for the construction of the city of Washington, the capital of the new nation.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13469 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13469\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-maggie-aderin-pocock-mbe\/\">Maggie Aderin-Pocock MBE (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">She was the lead scientist at Astrium, where she managed observation instruments on a satellite, measuring wind speeds to help the investigation of climate change.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13459 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13459\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/bessie-blount-griffin\/\">Bessie Blount Griffin<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">She was a writer, nurse, physical therapist, inventor and forensic scientist, known for Assistive Devices<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13451 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13451\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/kimberley-bryant\/\">Kimberley Bryant<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Kimberly Bryant is an African American electrical engineer who worked in the biotechnology field at Genentech, Novartis Vaccines, Diagnostics, and Merck<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13440 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13440\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-nira-chamberlain-obe\/\">Nira Chamberlain OBE (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Nira Chamberlain developed mathematical solutions within industries such as the defence, aerospace, automotive and energy sectors. This has included periods in France, the Netherlands, Germany&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13430 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13430\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/mae-c-jemison\/\">Mae C Jemison<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Mae C. Jemison is the first African American female astronaut.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13422 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13422\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/prof-clifford-johnson\/\">Clifford Johnson (Prof)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Clifford Victor Johnson is an English theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Southern California Department of Physics and Astronomy.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13413 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13413\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/katherine-johnson\/\">Katherine Johnson<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">A mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent US crewed spaceflights.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13404 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13404\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/percy-lavon-julian\/\">Percy Lavon Julian<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Percy Julian synthesised important medicinal compounds from abundant plant sources, making them more affordable to mass produce.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13389 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13389\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/ronald-erwin-mcnair\/\">Ronald Erwin McNair (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Dr McNair soon became a recognised expert in LASER Physics while working as a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratory<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13381 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13381\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-donald-palmer\/\">Donald Palmer (Dr)<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Associate Professor of Immunology in Comparative Biomedical Sciences. His main research interests are immunosenescence, particularly with regards to age-associated thymic involution.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-13365 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"13365\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/dr-abdullah-shehu\/\">Abdullah Shehu Dr<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Dr Shehu has been a Consultant Neurologist in Coventry since 1996, He established neuro-rehabilitation and established and maintained the Stroke service at University Hospitals Coventry&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n\t<article class=\"w-grid-item size_1x1 post-12727 us_portfolio type-us_portfolio status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry us_portfolio_category-science-and-technology\" data-id=\"12727\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"w-grid-item-h\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-vwrapper usg_vwrapper_1 align_left valign_top\" style=\"--vwrapper-gap:0.5rem\"><h2 class=\"w-post-elm post_title usg_post_title_1 has_text_color entry-title color_link_inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/resource\/charles-r-drew\/\">Charles R Drew<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"w-post-elm post_content usg_post_content_1 has_text_color\">Charles Drew was an African American surgeon who pioneered methods of storing blood plasma for transfusion and developed ways to process and store blood plasma&hellip;<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/article>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"w-grid-preloader\">\t<div class=\"g-preloader type_1\">\r\n\t\t<div><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\t<div class=\"w-grid-json hidden\" onclick='return {&quot;action&quot;:&quot;us_ajax_grid&quot;,&quot;infinite_scroll&quot;:0,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:1,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;template_vars&quot;:{&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;exclude_items&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;img_size&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;ignore_items_size&quot;:0,&quot;items_layout&quot;:&quot;12109&quot;,&quot;items_offset&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;load_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;overriding_link&quot;:&quot;{\\&quot;url\\&quot;:\\&quot;\\&quot;}&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:0,&quot;query_args&quot;:{&quot;post_type&quot;:[&quot;us_portfolio&quot;],&quot;tax_query&quot;:[{&quot;taxonomy&quot;:&quot;us_portfolio_category&quot;,&quot;field&quot;:&quot;slug&quot;,&quot;terms&quot;:[&quot;science-and-technology&quot;]}],&quot;post_status&quot;:[&quot;publish&quot;,&quot;acf-disabled&quot;],&quot;posts_per_page&quot;:&quot;40&quot;},&quot;orderby_query_args&quot;:{&quot;orderby&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;DESC&quot;}},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;us_grid_post_type&quot;:&quot;us_portfolio&quot;,&quot;us_grid_ajax_index&quot;:1,&quot;us_grid_filter_query_string&quot;:null,&quot;us_grid_index&quot;:1,&quot;page_args&quot;:[]}}'><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summary of their achievements:Charles Drew was an African American surgeon who pioneered methods of storing blood plasma for transfusion and developed ways to process and store blood plasma in &#8220;blood banks.&#8221; He directed the blood plasma programs of the United States and Great Britain in World War II, but resigned after a ruling that the...","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-44","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blackhistorywales.org.uk\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}